System of communication



Aug. 21, 1923. 1,465,732 R. A. HEISING SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION Filed Sept. 23, 1919 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 21, 1923; l;465;732

' R. A! HEISING SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION Filed Sept. 23, 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W e/War fia mond A. Hal's/21y Patented Aug. 21, 1923.

um'riso sre'rss EMT E Fig RAYMOND a nmsmo, or nnsr ORANGE, NEW. JnnsnY, nssr enoa 'ro wnsrnnn' ELECTRIC COMPANY IlhlCORPORA'IIIED, NEW YORK.

Application filed September To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RAYMOND A. Hnrsmo,

a citizen ofthe United States, residing at mission of intelligence, particularly over long distances, and a part of the way at least by radiated waves. It has foran object the attainment of greater facility in the distribution of messages over widely extended areas with increased speed and higher efliciency. The invention also relates to high speed radio signaling regardless of the dist-ance of the transmissio I A feature of the invention relates to the. transmimion or retransmission or relaying of messages by radio at high speed wherebya single radio channel has a signaling capacity equivalent to that of a plurality of land lines.

A further feature of the invention is a provision whereby the necessity of synchronism between a transmitter and a receiving mechanical'translator is eliminated.

A further feature of the invention relates to the provision whereby signal storing elements perform the steps of transmission, reception and translation with a minimum amount of manipulation. Still other features will appear as the foldowing description progresses.

One way ofusing a radio system for relaying messages between several lines, would be to provide as many radio transmission channels as there are pairs of lines to be repeated between, and to arrange each line to repeat into-its own radio channel and the corresponding distant line to receive from the same channeL- The channels might be fixed by a succession of wave lengths used in transmitting the messages for the several lines. In such a system, the radio transmission must be simultaneous with the wire transmission, and repeating means must be provided between the radio system and each line that is to cooperate with the radio'systern. The radio system must be complicate-d V to provide for any considerable number of radio channels, and although the use of the radio system may be confine to agfew hours 01 -YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF SYSTEM or commumcmon.

23, 1919. Serial No. 325,729.

of the day on account of strays, the lines must all'be available for cooperation with the radio system (if it is to operate at maximumefliciency) at those particular times when radio communication can be carried on satisfactorily. I s

Another Way of relaying between, several lines by radio or of sending a large number of signals in a short time, is provided bythe invention and includes the provision of a radio communication channel with a high speed of signal transmission." According to the. present invention, mes'ages to be transmitted or relayed through the radio system v .ments. Also the most favorabletime for transmittingvcan be chosen irrespective of the time at which the messages are received over land lines for re-transmission by radio. It should be observed that a radio-system is not subject to the'same speed limitations that lines are. The signaling speed-over a line may be limited both by the constants of the line, especially inthe case of a submarine cable, or by the standardizationthat has been made inthe actual signaling sets. Thus, the best signaling speed of a trans- Atlantic cable is of the order of 300 letters a minute and a high speed for short cables is. 700 letters a minute. In the case of a stand ard four-channel printing telegraph line, a high average speed is 800 letters a minute in each direction. In a radio system, however, the speed of signal transmission is limited mostly by thesets themselves and to an extent by the antennae, particularly by the sending set and sending antenna; An

antenna capable of efliciently transmitting a speech-modulated wave should permit of si'gnaling at the rate of 3000 to 5000'letters a minute. According to the invention," for min al 'signaling'me'ans are-provided tobe' at very high speed from these storing eleoperated at p d so that th radio. system has a signaling speed equiva-" lent to that of several lines.

'According ,to the presentinvention. the high-speed radio signaling is efiected signal storing elements and the receiving. signal storing elements may be used to con-,7 'trol re-transmission of the signals or'may actuate "a recorder or the stored signal may: be read by ca! it any desired speed.

In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 relate to the preparation of the transmission-controlling means; Figs. 3 and 4 show methods of using the controlling means for transmitting; Figs. 5 and 6 indicate the manner of receiving the radio. signals; Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the translation of the received signals and Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical outlay of a system of distribution according to the invention.

In Fig. 9, the circles may represent the points at which a step occurs in the trans mission of signals and the squares may represent the corresponding points in the reception of the messages. The points 1, 2, 3, and 4 may be widely separated from one another and from the radio station S with which they are connected by the land lines shown. Points 2 and 3 may both transmit to and receive from station S, and points 1 and 4 are shown provided with lines for one-way transmission only with the radio station S. The land lines may be telephone or telegraph lines of any type and there may be both kinds of lines present between station S and any one of the points. One of the lines for each of the separated points may conveniently be a printing teleraph line using any suitable printer code.

essages transmitted from points 1, 2 or 3 to station S are received at point 5 where they are arranged for re-tr-ansmission by the radio system indicated. If they are received telephonically, they are impressed upon a transmitting tape or other storage means at point 6 and are transmitted at high speed over the radio channel at point 7 to the distant station S. If the message received at point 5 for re-transmission is a telegraph message, it may be received in the form of perforations in a tape or by similar means, which tape or other means is used at point 7 for re-transmission at high speed. A 10- cally operated transmitter is also indicated at 8. The message is received at high speed at point 9 and is translated either for local reception or for perforating a tape at point 10, which tape may operate a local printer at point 11, or may be passed through a retransmitter at point 12 for sending over land lines to distant receiving points 13, 14 and 15. There may also be telephonic communication between the point 12 and the points 13, 14 and 15. In a similar manner, points 14, 15 and 16 may transmit to station S and the message may be re-transmitted' by radio from points 17 at high speed to be received at high speed at point 18. and to be r'e-transmitted by land lines from gag-lit 19 to the distantpoint-s 2, 3, and 4.

'le different antennae are indicated in Fig. 9 for sending and receiving, there might, of course, be only one antenna at each station S and S for both sending'and recelvmg.

In Fig. 1, the tape 25 is fed to the ri ht through a suitable tape puncher, T. which perforates the tape in accordance with the signal to be transmitted in the desired code. In the figure shown, it is a'ssumed that a code consisting of dots and; dashes is to be used. Preferably a machine perforator is used of any known type operated from a keyboard or the like, the only requirement being that the perforations are reasonably accurately punched as to length and spacings. This is not so important where the message is to betranslated by ear, but is a requirement where the translation is to be into printing by a machine. After the perforated tape is wound upon the reel 26, the reel is transferred to the high speed transmitter shown in .Fig. 3, and the tape is unwound from the reel 26 and passed to the left between the transmitting contacts 27 and 28. When these contacts are allowed to meet due to a perforation-in the tape, the grid battery 29 of the modulator M is shortcircuited through resistance 30. Any suitable type of oscillator and modulator or other transmitting arrangement can be used, In the form shown, the oscillator O is in series with the modulator M. The period of the generated oscillations is controlled by the constants of the antenna 33. The variable condenser 31, serves as a power coupling adjustment of the oscillator with the antenna, and the oscillations are impressed from the output coil 32 to the antenna circuit 33 and in part to the grid control winding 34. Brush contacts 27 and 28 by short-circuiting the battery 29 through resistance 30 vary the impedance of the modulator M upon which the amplitude of the radiated wave from oscillator 9,depends. The tape 25 is run at a high speed through the transmitter and the signals are'transmitted reversed and at a high speed in the form of wave trains. v

This general method of impressing signals on a storage element in a forward direction and transmitting them from the storage element in a reverse direction possesses several advantages among which may be mentioned the greater facility in manipulation of the storage elements and the considerable degree of secrecy that may be obtained. For instance, signals transmitted at a readable rate by this method over a line could not be read bv ear, but would require the use of a recorder.

In some cases it may be preferred to use other means than a perforated tape for transmitting, particularly when it is found difiicult to run the tape at the high transmitting speed that may be desired. Fig. 2 shows a means for impressing the signals that are to be transmitted upon a telegraphone wire 35 which passes to the right through a magnetizing spool 36. The spool 36 is energized from source 37 controlled by a suitable type of transmitter which is capable' of impressing the signals accurately proportioned as to length and spacings upon the wire 35. For transmitting the stored signal at high speed, the spool 38 onwhich the telegraphone wire is wound is transferred tothe transmitter of Fig. 4 and the wire is unwound and passed to the left throiiigh the reproducing spool 40 at high ee With the signalsimpressedupon the telegraphone wire in the manner that is indicated in Fig. 2, by current impulses of the duration of the dots and dashes, it is evident that the current induced in reproducing spool will not consist of dots and dashes, but of a short impulse in one direction at the beginning of each signal element, such as a dot or a dash, and a short impulse in the opposite direction at the end of each signal element. These short impulses are transmitted through the coupling 41 to the circuit containing resistance 42 and the large condenser 43. A short impulse of one sign indicating the beginning of a signal element will charge the condenser 43 through resistance 42 and the charge of the condenser will continue to maintain the grid of the thermionic relay 44 at the corresponding potential. The end of the signal element will be denoted by a short impulse, of the opposite sign which will neutralize the charge on condenser 43 and therefore bring the potential of the grid back to normal. If it be assumed that the impulse at the beginning of each signal is such as to make the grid more positive so as to increase the conductivity of relay 44, an impulse will be transmitted to the output circuit 45 of the relay of a duration corresponding tothe length ofthe signal element. 46 indicates any suitable type of amplifier and 47 represents a generator and modulator which maybe of the type indicated in Fig. 3 or any other suitable type.

The transmitted signals may be received at their high speed of transmission on the antenna 50 inFig. 5. With .a sufiiciently long wave length and a sufiiciently high speed of signal transmission and of the receiving telegraphone wire, the usual detector or its equivalent is not necessary. For

I instance, if the signal transmission speed is twenty times hand sending and if a receiving translating note of one thousand is desired, the wave length corresponding to a frequency of 20,000 might conveniently be used, i. 9.. a wave length of 15.000 meters. The wave is transmitted through the usual tuned circuit 51 to the amplifier 52 and is impressed upon the telegraphone wire 53 by means of the magnetizing spool 54. The wire is run at high speed to the left and is wound on spool 55 At the wave length mentioned, the frequency of the note recorded on the wire is 20,000, and the signal' as stored, it will be remembered, is backwards. Bv running the wire 53 forwards in Fig. 7 through a reproducing coil 56 at reduced speed, say 1/20 of the receiving speed, an operator may read the signals in the telephone receiver 57 at a rate corresponding to hand sending. By controlling the speed of the wire through the coil 56,

tector 81 may serve to give the difference frequency which is amplified by an amplifier 52 as in Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 shows a means for translating a received signal mechanically into the form of perforations in a tape, whether the re ceived signals are from the radio system or from a line.

producing spool 57 by means of the pulley 58. This pulley is driven from motor 59 through suitable reduction gearing 60 and may'contain a V groove in which the telegraphone wire is held wrapped once around the pulley. Any other means may be employed which will drive the wire at a constant speed. The motor 59 which is preferably an induction motor may convenientl be fed from local power mains 61 Whic will generally insure sufiicient constancy of speed. Driven from motor 59 are also an oscillating punch 62, and afeed roller 63 the latter being connected through suitable gearing 64. Roller 63 draws the tape 65 at a constant speed from the reel 66 along beneath the reciprocating punch 62. The tape itself is sufliciently yielding beneath the punch to be normally unaffected by the striking of the punch. On the under side of the tape 65, (which is shown broken away beneath the punch) is a movable punch seat 67 having a hole which is directly in line with the punch 62. When, and as long as, the seat 67 is held up against the under side of the moving tape, the vibrating punch 62 perforates the tape and the perforating action ceases when the seat 67 is allowed to move to its normal position. The position of the seat 67 is controlled by the magnet 68 which is-energized for different lengths of time in accordance with the dots and dashes that are recorded on the teleg- The Wire 53 is drawn from .reel'55 at a constant speed through the reraphone wire 53. The circuits for controlling magnet 68 contain the spool 57, the amplifier set 69 and the detector 70. The frequency which it is desired to detect is prevented from being shunted by the plate battery supply circuit of the amplifier 69 by means of the practically infinite impedance offered to currents of this frequency by the anti-resonant circuit 71. By the wellknown action of the detector 70, the current which actuates magnet 68 will be practically continuous current of duration corresponding to the length of the respective wave-trains recorded on the wire 53, and magnet 68 will therefore remain energized for periods corresponding to dots and dashes. Since the wire 53 and the tape 65 are driven from the same motor their speeds bear a constant relation to each other and except for errors in the actuation of the translating means, the signals will be recorded on the tape 65 with the same regularity with which they are stored on the wire 53. From the perforator, the tape may pass into a re-transmitter of any suitable type for re-transmission or the tape may pass into a printer diagrammatically indicated at 72 which is adapted to transcribe the message directly into print.

This printer may be of the type disclosed in my United States Patent 1,456,503, dated May 29, 1923.

In case the message stored in the wire 53 is to be re-transmitted over land lines for instance, the switch 73 may be thrown to the right to include the telegraphic relay 74 in the circuit of the detector 70. As the wire 53 is passed through the spool 57, the signals recorded on the wire actuate relay 74 which repeats the signals over the line 75 when the switch 75 is opened.

The tape perforator may be controlled otherwise than by the telegraphone wire 53. It may be desirable for instance to prepare a tape 25 (Fig. 1) for high speed transmission in accordance with signals received over a land line as indicated at 76, Fig. 8. By throwing the switch 77 to its lower position, the magnet 68 is included in the circuit controlled by the relay78 and with the motor 59 operating to move the tape beneath the punch 62 at the desired rate, the tape may be perforated by the signals received over the line 76.

It is not necessary to use the Morse continental code, and it may be desirable to use other codes if the messages are to be transcribed into print. However, an advantage of the continental code is that if the strays are so bad as to produce as strong effects in the receiving telegraphone wire 53 as are produced by the signals, in which case a mechanical translator would very likely be unable to pick out the signal, the message may be read by ear by a skilled operator who is able to distinguish the signal note.

A special printer code could not easily be cording to this invention. The only requirement is approximate constancy of speed for the moving tapes or other storing elements in each' of the steps of tape punch1ng,transmitting, receiving and in transcribing, if this is done by a machine, although the speed employed in each of the steps enumerated may not be the same. The necessity of constant speed in the tape punching step is that the dots, dashes and spaces may be accurately made, if the message is to be transcribed into print. If the same motor 59 drives both the telegraphone wire and the recording tape as in Fig. 8, the speed relation in the transcribing step is taken care of. The actual speed of the receiving telegraphone wire in Figs. 5 and 6 may be only a fraction of the speed of the transmitting tape and each may be controlled entirely independently of the other, there being no necessity for their being in step or in phase, but simply that their speed be kept substantially constant.

Several of the features of the invention that have been described as elements in a radio transmission system are applicable also to line transmission, and they are not to be understood as limited, therefore, to use in a radio system.

The particular circuit arrangements that have been used to illustrate the invention, it is to be understood, are not to be construed as limiting the invention, nor are the numerical values which have been given throughout the specification to be considered as in any way restricting the invention. the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the art of signaling the method which comprises impressing signals on a storage element in a forward direction, transmitting said signals from said storage element in a reverse direction, receiving the transmitted signals on a storage element in said reverse direction, and translating said signals from said last-mentioned storage element in a forward direction, into electrical impulses.

2. In the art of signaling, the method which comprises impressing signals on a storage element moving in a forward direction at low speed, moving said element in a reverse direction at high speed to transmit said signals, receiving said signals on a storage element mOVlIlg in a reverse direction at high speed. and translating said signals from said last-mentioned storage element moving in a forward direction at low speed, into'electrical impulses. I

lie

3. In the art of signaling, the method which comprises receiving signals on a storage element from a telegraph line at the normal telegraph transmission speed of said line, retransmitting said signals from said storage element at high speed several times said normal speed, receiving said signals on another storage element at said high speed, and retransmitting said signals from said other storage element at said normal speed.

4. The method of repeating signals between each of a plurality of transmission lines having a normal transmission rate and a corresponding one of a plurality of other distant transmission lines having similar transmission rates, which comprises receiving signals from each of said plurality of lines at the line transmission rate on a separate storage element, retransmitting said signals from said storage elements at a speed a number of times greater than said line transmission rate in the form of radiated waves to a distant station, receiving said signals at the distant station on corresponding storage elements, and retransmitting said signals from said last-mentioned storage elements separately over the corresponding distant transmission lines at their respective line transmission rates.

5. The method of repeating signals between two separate line sections which comprises receivlngsaid signals from the first line section on a storage element, retransmitting the said signals from said storage element in a reverse order by radio transmission, receiving said signals in reverse order on a second storage element, and retransmitting said signals in their original order over the second line section.

6. In a signaling system, a line, means for transmitting signals over said line at a line transmission rate, a radio communication channel, means for repeating said signals over said radio channel through the me dium of a signal storage element and at a transmission rate a number of times greater than said line rate, another line, and means for retransmitting said signals from said radio channel to said other line at said line rate through the medium of another signal storage element.

7. A communication net comprising a transmission line system and another transmission line system at a distance, a radio system having stations at each of which one of said transmission line systems terminates, means at a radio station for receiving si nals from each of the lines of one of said transmission line systems at the line transmission rate, and for retransmitting said signals through the radio system at a rate several times said line transmission .rate and means for receiving said signals at the other of said radio stations and for retransmitting said signals over the lines of the other transmission line system at a. line lines and a repeating circuit between said lines comprising a radio system arranged to retransmit over the second line the signals received from the first line, said repeating circuit including means for transmitting said signals through the'radio system at a rate several times the rate at which signals are sent over either line. a i

9. In a signaling system a plurality of transmission lines, means for transmitting signals simultaneouslyv over the lines at a given transmission rate, and means: for receiving said signals including signal'storing elements for the respective lines, a radio signaling system, means controlled by said storing elements for transmitting said signals from the several lines in succession over said radio signaling system at a rate several times said given rate, mean-s including'signal storing elements for separately receivin the signals from the respective lines at sai high rate, other transmission lines, and signal transmitting means for each of said other transmission lines controlled by a respective one of said second-mentioned storing elements.

10. A radio signaling system, a wire signaling system having a normal signaling rate, means for transmitting signals through said radio signaling system at several times said rate, means including a signal storing element for receiving said signals and for retransmitting said signals over said wire signaling system at said normal rate. 11. Means for mechanically translating electromagnetic signal waves comprising a magnetic strip, means for rapidly moving said strip and subjecting it to the influence of said waves for receiving magnetic impressions. in accordance with said signal waves and a tape punching mechanism controlled by said strip for perforating a tape in accordance with the signals impressed on said strip.

, 12. A translator for signals transmittedby high frequency electromagnetic waves comprising a storage element for receiving and recording said high frequencywwaves a tape and a tape punching mechanism, an

means controlled by said storage element for actuating said tape punching mechanism,

ceiving impressions in accordance with said waves while moving at a high speed, means for moving said storage element at a low speed and for translating the stored impressions into electrical currents of an audio frequency, a detector circuit for translating said currents of audio frequency into sustained currents corresponding to said si nails, and an electromagnet operated by sa1d currents.

14. A signal-translating arrangement comprising a storage element sensitive to electromagnetic waves, high-frequency wave receiving circuits for impressing and recording received waves on said storage element, a circuit including a detector for translating said recorded waves into current impulses corresponding to received signals, and a recording device actuated by said impulses to record said signals.

15. An arrangement for translating signals received by electromagnetic waves, into perforations of a tape, comprising a strip or wire of magnetizable material, means for impressing variations corresponding to the received electromagnetic waves on said strip or wire, driving mechanism for driving the strip or wire and said tape at corresponding rates, punching mechanism for sa1d tape,

' and a circuit including a detector for producing current impulses from the variations on said strip for actuating said punching mechanism.

16. A translator for signals comprising a storage element on which said s1gnals are stored, a tape to be punched in accordance with the stored signals, a continuously reciprocating punch for said tape normally ineffective, a magnet for making said punch efiective to punch said tape, means for moving said tape beneath said punch, and a circuit for translating said stored slgnals into electrical currents for actuating said magnet to control the punching of said ta I; A signal recorder comprising a tape to be perforated in accordance with received signals, a continuously actuated punch normally ineflective in punching said tape, a magnet for rendering said punch efiective to perforate said tape, means for moving said tape beneath said punch, and a circuit for operating said magnet in accordance with said signals to control the punching of said tape.

18. In a signaling system, means for receiving signal waves, a telegraphone wire for recording the received signals in the form of magnetic variations in said wire, a tape and a common driving means for driv ing said wire and said tape, a perforating mechanism comprising a continuously moving cutting member, and a magnet for rendering said member operative to perforate said tape, means for translating said magnetic variations into electrical impulses, and a circuit for controlling said magnet in accordance with said impulses.

19. A'transmission line, a radio signalin system, a second transmission line, sai

radio system havin a signaling. rate several times as high as t at of said transmission lines, receiving means including signal storing means for receiving signals over the first said transmission line at the line-signalin rate, radio transmitting means controlle by said receiving means for transmitting said si als through said radio system at the big radio-signaling rate, radio receiving means including signal storing means for receiving said signals from said radio system, and transmitting means controlled by said radio receiving means for transmitting said signals over said second transmission line at the line-signaling rate.

20. In a radio signaling system, signal receiving means includin a signal storing element for receiving ra 1o signals at high speed, and means for translating said signals at low speed into printed characters.

21. In a radio signaling system, signal receiving means including a signal storin element for receiving radio signals at a higl speed, and means controlled by said storage element for punching a tape in accordance with said signals.

22. The method of repeating telegraphic signals from a high-speed transmission channel to a low-speed transmission channel comprising impressing the high-speed received signals on a storage element sensitive to electromagnetic variations, thereafter utilizing said storage element to transfer said signals mechanically to a second storage element adapted to receive mechanical impressions and retransmittin said signals from said second storage e ement at low speed over said low-speed transmission channel.

23. The method of translating electromagnetic wave trains into direct current impulses comprising recording said wave trams at variations on a magnetically susceptible element, producing current variations from the recorded variations, and rectifying said currents.

24. The method of translating short and rapidly-recurring wave trains into longer and less rapidly recurring direct current impulses comprising recording said wave trains as variations along a magnetically susceptible element, utilizing said variations to reproduce current variations at lower frequency than the freguency of the received waves, and recti ying said current variations to produce direct current impulses.

25. The method of receiving high speed radio transmissions comprising subjecting a magnetic strip to the influence of the highfrequency waves while said strip is moving at a high speed to record received signals on said strip, translating the recorded signals into current of low frequency while said strip is moving at a slow speed, and converting said current into impulses suitable for actuating an electromagnetic recorder.

26. Receiving and recording arrangements for a radio signaling system comprising a wave-receiving circuit, a magnetic strip and means to subject "different portions of said strip in rapid order to the influence of the received waves to record received signals on said strip, means for thereafter translating the recorded signals into currents of low frequency including means for presenting the said portions of said strip in a slow order to said translating means, an amplifying and detecting circuit for converting said translated currents into signal impulses of current, and an electromagnetic receiver actuated by said impulses.

27. In a radio receiving system, a magnetic' strip for recording received electromagnetic wave signals as magnetic variations along said strip, a detector for con verting said magnetic variations into current impulses, a tape and a tape-punching mechanism controlled by said impulses for punching said tape in accordance with the received signals.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 22nd day of September, A. D.,

RAYMOND A. HEISING. 

